What is a Migraine Headache?

A migraine headache is a common neurological condition that can cause debilitating and throbbing pain, typically on one side of the head. It can last anywhere from 4 to 72 hours and may worsen due to exposure to bright light, loud sounds, physical activity, or certain smells.

What Causes Migraines?

The exact causes of migraines are still not fully understood. However, experts believe that certain triggers can activate specific nerves in our blood vessels, leading to the release of chemicals like serotonin and calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRP). These chemicals cause blood vessels in the brain lining to swell, resulting in inflammation and pain.

Common triggers for migraines include emotional stress, caffeine (either too much or sudden withdrawal), sensitivity to certain chemicals and preservatives in foods, hormone changes (especially in women), specific foods and drinks, and exposure to bright or flashing lights.

The primary symptom of a migraine is a headache, which can range from a dull ache to a severe throbbing pain. The pain often starts on one side of the head but may spread to the other side. Other symptoms include sensitivity to smells, sounds, and light, nausea, vomiting, upset stomach, abdominal pain, feeling warm or cold, pale skin, fatigue, dizziness, blurred vision, tender scalp, and in rare cases, diarrhea or fever.

Common Migraine Triggers Include

Emotional Stress 

It is one of the most common triggers of migraine headaches. During stressful events, certain chemicals in the brain are released to combat the situation (known as the "flight or fight" response). The release of these chemicals can bring on a migraine. Other emotions like anxiety, worry, and excitement can increase muscle tension and dilate blood vessels. That can make your migraine more severe.

Caffeine

Getting too much or not getting as much as you’re used to can cause headaches. Caffeine itself can be a treatment for acute migraine attacks.

Sensitivity to Specific Chemicals & Preservatives in Food

Certain foods and beverages such as aged cheese, beverages containing alcohol, chocolate and food additives such as nitrates (found in pepperoni, hot dogs, and luncheon meats) and fermented or pickled foods may be responsible for triggering up to 30% of migraines.

Hormonal Changes

A lot of women notice that they have headaches around their period, while they’re pregnant, or when they’re ovulating. Symptoms may also be tied to menopause, birth control that uses hormones, or hormone replacement therapy.

What are some Diagnostic Tests for Migraine?

To diagnose migraines, your healthcare provider will take a detailed medical history, including information about your family's history of migraines. They may also order blood tests and imaging tests like CT scans or MRIs to rule out other possible causes. In some cases, an electroencephalogram (EEG) may be conducted to exclude seizures as a cause.

What are some Medications for Migraines?

While migraines cannot be cured, various treatment options can help manage the symptoms and reduce the frequency and severity of attacks. Treatment plans are tailored to the individual's age, frequency and severity of migraines, associated symptoms, other health conditions, and medications.

Treatment options may include lifestyle adjustments, over-the-counter pain or migraine medications, prescription migraine medications for prevention and symptom relief, medications for nausea or vomiting, hormone therapy, counseling, and alternative care like meditation, acupressure, or acupuncture.

Non-pharmacological treatments for migraines

Non-pharmacological treatments refer to interventions that do not involve medication. These can be effective in managing migraines and reducing pain. Some non-pharmacological approaches include maintaining good sleep hygiene, staying hydrated, taking vitamins like riboflavin (B2), and avoiding triggers.

The Phases Of Migraines

Lifestyle Changes to Help Yourself!

While there is no cure for migraines, certain lifestyle changes can help manage and prevent them. Keeping a migraine diary to identify triggers, getting sufficient sleep, eating regular meals, staying hydrated, exercising regularly, managing stress through techniques like meditation or yoga, and maintaining a healthy weight are all beneficial in preventing migraines.

Migraine headaches can be challenging to manage and may cause significant pain and discomfort. It's important to seek medical advice and consult with a healthcare professional before taking any medications. Each individual may experience different symptoms and types of migraines, so it's essential to personalize treatment according to your specific needs. Be patient with yourself, seek support when needed, and prioritize your overall well-being.